Jean baptiste bernadottes
He commanded the coalition's Army of the North and is credited with the overall strategic plan leading to the French retreat from Germany.
Jean Baptiste Bernadotte
When Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor in , Bernadotte was made a marshal of France, and in prince of Ponte Corvo. Han var den yngste af fem. He felt none of the Swedes' emotional attachment to Finland, which for centuries had been part of the realm, and saw that with its long border with Russia it would always be a strategic liability. The Norwegians refused to accept a change in sovereignty in which they had played no part.
Cambridge, Mass. Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte blev født den januar i Pau, hovedbyen i provinsen Béarn i den sydvestlige del af Kongeriget Frankrig. In he became related by marriage to Napoleon Bonaparte. He died in , claiming on his deathbed that no one had ever had a career such as his. Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was born in in Pau, France, the son of a provincial attorney. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
In he allied himself with Russia and Britain before the French invaded Russia. In May they convened a Storting parliament that drafted a liberal constitution and elected the Danish Prince Christian Frederik as their king. Opportunity now came from an unexpected quarter. Charles John hesitated to attack his old homeland on its own soil in the vain hope, encouraged by Madame de Staël and Benjamin Constant , of being elected king of France following Napoleon's defeat.
Charles XIV John's opponents, however, overreached themselves in their vituperate attacks, and during his last years the aging monarch enjoyed growing popularity in both his kingdoms. Charles John invaded Norway in late July, outmaneuvering the outnumbered Norwegian forces. October 15, Charles XIV John (Swedish: Karl XIV Johan; born Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte; [1] 26 January – 8 March ) was King of Sweden and Norway from until his death in Before his reign he was a Marshal of France during the Napoleonic Wars and participated in several battles.
After Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I concluded both peace and an alliance at Tilsit, Prussia now Sovetsk, Russia , in , the Russians conquered Finland from Sweden in —, proclaiming it an autonomous grand duchy under the tsar. Barton, H. Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era, — Minneapolis, Minn. Charles John thereupon detached his Swedish and Russian force to attack Denmark, compelling it in the Treaty of Kiel in January to cede Norway to the king of Sweden.
Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste
Han var den yngste søn af Jean Henri Bernadotte (–), offentlig anklager i Pau, og hans hustru Jeanne de Saint-Jean (–). But he quickly, on 14 August, concluded the Convention of Moss, recognizing Norway as a separate kingdom, and accepted its new constitution.
He served briefly during as French ambassador in Vienna, then as minister of war the following year. Stockholm, — The definitive Swedish biography. He served with distinction in Napoleon's campaigns, but his relations with the emperor were never cordial, and by Bernadotte was in Paris without assignment. As a capable and experienced French field marshal, it was expected that he would reconquer Finland from Russia in alliance with Napoleon.
He was by now convinced that Napoleon's empire would not last. Anticipating the breakdown of the Tilsit Alliance, influential Swedes in persuaded Bernadotte to stand as a candidate for the Swedish succession. In return, Christian Frederik abdicated and the Storting concluded a dynastic union with Sweden. But if Sweden acquired Norway from France's ally, Denmark, this would assure the security of the entire Scandinavian Peninsula.
In Sweden the old Jacobin pursued from the start a rigidly conservative policy, leading already by to the beginnings of liberal opposition. Bernadottes fødehus i Pau i Frankrig. Höjer, Torvald. Paris, Scott, Franklin D. Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon. This delayed him in making good Sweden's claim to Norway. Norway would become fully sovereign in , but to this day the Bernadotte dynasty reigns in Sweden.
He thereby renounced any future claim to Finland in return for Russian military and British diplomatic support to obtain Norway in compensation. Carl XIV Johan. From on, he made determined efforts to amend the Norwegian constitution to increase his powers, efforts that were effectively blocked by the Storting until he gave up the attempt by In Sweden during the s and the early s, there were repeated confrontations with the Riksdag, with the liberal and radical press, and in the streets of Stockholm.
In he enlisted in the army as a common soldier. The French Revolution opened up new opportunities for men in the ranks, and Bernadotte was commissioned as a lieutenant in By he was already a general.